Overall, you did a good job listing the possible use cases for a computer OS. Linux is just an operating system, and as such, you don’t NEED to use it, it’s just a matter of personal preference.

You seem to have a bias against Visual Studio, why is it so great? Are you just used to it or does it have significant good features that are not in any other IDE?

You can run MS Office on Linux using Wine (requires manual setup), PlayOnLinux (installs it for you), or Crossover (paid version with better support). Wine is a compatibility layer for Windows applications used by those three products. Of course, it’s not perfect so for better compatibility with software it’s better to use Windows or a VM with Windows.

It can be possible to use Linux without using the command line, but most tutorials give you command line instructions since they are easier to give and follow because it’s the only way to give semi-universal instructions. For example, Manjaro has a package manager that lets you install most software that can run on Linux, once you enable AUR support using the GUI. (Unfortunately now it forces you to update all your packages when installing a new one).